EV/EBITDA

Valuation
Updated Apr 2026 Has calculator

Compares a company's total value to its earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortisation.

What is EV/EBITDA?

EV/EBITDA divides enterprise value by EBITDA to produce a capital-structure-neutral valuation multiple. Because it uses enterprise value — which reflects both equity and debt holders — and strips out non-cash charges and financing costs, it allows meaningful comparisons across companies with different capital structures, depreciation policies, and tax rates. It is the most widely used multiple in M&A analysis and leveraged buyout modelling. A lower multiple generally indicates a cheaper valuation relative to operating earnings, though the appropriate level varies significantly by industry and growth rate.

Formula

EV/EBITDA = Enterprise Value ÷ EBITDA

Worked Example

Worked example — Apple Inc. (AAPL)

FY2024 (Sept 28, 2024)

Step 1  Enterprise Value: $3,430,131M
Step 2  Operating income: $123,216M
Step 3  Depreciation & amortisation: $11,445M
Step 4  EBITDA: $123,216M + $11,445M = $134,661M
Step 5  EV/EBITDA = $3,430,131M ÷ $134,661M = 25.47x
Step 6  → Investors pay $25.47 for every $1 of Apple’s EBITDA

Source: Apple Annual Report FY2024 (2024-11-01)

Calculate EV/EBITDA

Market cap + total debt − cash (USD millions)

Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortisation (USD millions)

EV/EBITDA

Not investment advice.

How to Interpret EV/EBITDA

< 8
Low — potentially undervalued or mature industry
8 – 15
Moderate — fair value for most sectors
15 – 25
Elevated — growth premium or asset-light model
> 25
High — priced for strong growth expectations

📚 Valuation Basics — Complete the path

  1. Market Cap
  2. P/E Ratio
  3. EPS
  4. PEG Ratio
  5. EV/EBITDA